Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C).
Prepare an 8-inch springform pan by greasing it lightly.
In a mixing bowl, combine the melted butter, sugar, and cocoa powder. Stir well.
Add eggs one at a time, mixing thoroughly after each addition.
Stir in the flour and vanilla extract until just combined.
Pour the brownie batter into the prepared pan and spread it evenly.
In a separate bowl, beat the softened cream cheese and sugar until smooth.
Add sour cream and caramel sauce to the mixture, blending until fully integrated.
Add eggs to the cheesecake mixture, mixing until just combined.
Carefully pour the cheesecake mixture over the brownie base, spreading evenly.
Bake in the preheated oven for 40-45 minutes, or until the center is slightly jiggly.
Remove from the oven and let it cool at room temperature for about 1 hour.
Chill the cheesecake in the refrigerator for at least 4 hours, preferably overnight.
Drizzle additional caramel sauce over the top before serving.